Monday, January 05, 2015

Frontiers in Public Health: Radiation and Health: 2014 articles

Frontiers in Public Health: Radiation and Health: 2014 articles


This is an open source journal.

Archive: http://bit.ly/RadiationandHealth

2014 Articles


The Grand Challenge: Use of a New Approach in Developing Policies in the Area of Radiation and Health

Dariusz Leszczynski. The Grand Challenge: Use of a New Approach in Developing Policies in the Area of Radiation and Health. Front. Public Health doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00050.

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Exposure knowledge and risk perception of RF EMF

Frederik Freudenstein and Peter Michael Wiedemann. Exposure knowledge and risk perception of RF EMF. Front. Public Health doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00289.
Published on 15 Sep 2014.

Abstract

The presented study is part of the EU Project LEXNET (Low EMF Exposure Future Networks), which deals among other things with the issue of whether a reduction of the radiofrequency (RF) electro-magnetic fields (EMF) exposure will result in more acceptance of wireless communication networks in the public sphere.

We assume that the effects of any reduction of EMF exposure will depend on the subjective link between exposure perception and risk perception. Therefore we evaluated respondents’ risk perceptions of different RF EMF sources and their subjective knowledge about various exposure characteristics with regard to their impact on potential health risks. The results show that participants are more concerned about base stations than about all other RF EMF sources. Concerning the subjective exposure knowledge the results suggest that people have a quite appropriate impact model. The question how RF EMF risk perception is actually affected by the knowledge about the various exposure characteristics was tested in a linear regression analysis. The regression indicates that these features - except distance - do influence people’s general RF EMF risk perceptions. In addition, we analyzed the effect of the quality of exposure knowledge on RF EMF risk perception of various sources. The results show a tendency that better exposure knowledge leads to higher risk perception, especially for mobile phones. The study provides empirical support for models of the relationships between exposure perception and risk perception. It is not the aim to extrapolate these findings to the whole population because the samples are not exactly representative for the general public in the participating countries.

http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00289/abstract

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Role of microRNAs and DNA Methyltransferases in Transmitting Induced Genomic Instability between Cell Generations


Katriina Huumonen, Merja Korkalainen, Matti Viluksela, Tapani Lahtinen, Jonne Naarala and Jukka Juutilainen. Role of microRNAs and DNA Methyltransferases in Transmitting Induced Genomic Instability between Cell Generations. Front. Public Health doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00139. Published on 02 Sep 2014.

Abstract
There is limited understanding of how radiation or chemicals induce genomic instability, and how the instability is epigenetically transmitted to the progeny of exposed cells or organisms. Here, we measured the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in murine embryonal fibroblasts exposed to ionizing radiation or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which were previously shown to induce genomic instability in this cell line. Cadmium was used as a reference agent that does not induce genomic instability in our experimental model. Measurements at 8 and 15 days after exposure did not identify any such persistent changes that could be considered as signals transmitting genomic instability to the progeny of exposed cells. However, measurements at 2 days after exposure revealed findings that may reflect initial stages of genomic instability. Changes that were common to TCDD and two doses of radiation (but not to cadmium) included five candidate signature miRNAs and general up-regulation of miRNA expression. Expression of DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and DNMT2 was suppressed by cadmium but not by TCDD or radiation, consistently with the hypothesis that sufficient expression of DNMTs is necessary in the initial phase of induced genomic instability.

http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00139/abstract

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Grouping of experimental conditions as an approach to evaluate effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative response in in vitro studies
Mats-Olof Mattsson and Myrtill Simkó. Grouping of experimental conditions as an approach to evaluate effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative response in in vitro studies. Front. Public Health, 02 September 2014 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00132

Abstract
A large body of literature deals with biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) studied in vitro. Despite the multitude of studies, no coherent picture has evolved regarding the plausibility of effects at low-flux densities or regarding the interaction mechanisms. Here, we propose that ELF MF exposure in vitro causes changes in oxidative status as an early response. We tested this hypothesis by scrutinizing the literature and applying a grouping approach for analyzing relevant biological properties and exposure conditions. A total of 41 scientific original publications were analyzed for this purpose. The conclusion from the work is that ELF MF (modulated or unmodulated) consistently can influence the oxidative status, at or above 1 mT, in a broad range of cell types and independent of exposure duration. A response at lower flux densities is seen in certain studies, although not consistently. Further studies with stringent protocols for sham exposure, blinding, and statistical analysis as well as appropriate positive controls are needed to establish if true dose-relationships for effects on oxidative status exist.

http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00132/abstract

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Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D., Director
Center for Family and Community Health
School of Public Health
University of California, Berkeley

Electromagnetic Radiation Safety

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